供應ZXDU68 H001(90A)中興壁掛通信電源

• 壁掛式電源,滿容量90A
• 液晶電視尺寸,節省占地空間和機房租金費用
• 一結構平臺,模塊化設計,靈活選配,平滑擴容,最大90A中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜
• 第五代電源,輸出效率高達96%
• 前接線,前維護,便于安裝及維護
• 可內置1組38Ah鉛酸電池,電池艙獨立風道設計,安全性能升級  

  應用領域

• 通信基礎站
• 微波,傳輸,地面衛星站中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜
• 室內覆蓋站點
• 其他需要直流-48V的室內壁掛式應用領域

• The ZXDU68 H001 system uses an integrated cabinet, which can build a set of batteries, which integrates AC distribution, DC distribution, rectification, monitoring and storage battery. The system can be mounted on a narrow installation site, providing a stable and reliable -48V DC power supply for the load, and saving the installation space.

• Characteristics of the supply of ZXDU68 H001 (90A) Zhongxing wall hanging communication power supply

• ZXDU68 H001 (90A) is a wall mounted high-frequency switching power supply system designed by ZTE. The system has standard 60A configuration, and the full capacity is up to 90A. It consists of 3 ZXD1000 (30A) rectifiers.

• The ZXDU68 H001 system uses an integrated cabinet, which can build a set of batteries, which integrates AC distribution, DC distribution, rectification, monitoring and storage battery. The system can be mounted on a narrow installation site, providing a stable and reliable -48V DC power supply for the load, and saving the installation space.

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• The system uses the front connection, the front maintenance design, and provides the RS232, the dry connection and so on connection monitoring mode, easy to use and maintain the management.

• DC power distribution: 6 DC load output, with battery power and load power.

• Built in space: it can be placed in a set of 38AH/12V*4 batteries.

• Whole machine size: 700mm*550mm*300mm (H*W*D)

• Machine weight: 32kg (non rectifier, battery, CSU)

• Supply ZXDU68 H001 (90A) Zhongxing wall hanging communication power supply

• Wall mounted power supply, full capacity 90A

• LCD TV size, save space and rental cost of machine room

• A structural platb, modular design, flexible selection, smooth expansion, maximum 90A

• Fifth generation power supply, the output efficiency is up to 96%

• Front connection, front maintenance, easy to install and maintain

• The 1 sets of 38Ah lead-acid batteries can be built in, the battery compartment independent air duct is desi中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜gned and the safety perbance is upgraded.

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• application area

• Communication base station中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• Microwave, transmission, WeiXing Railway Station

• Indoor coverage site

• Other indoor wall hanging applications requiring DC -48V

• 近年來，各行各業逐步吹響了節能減排的戰斗號角，在宏觀政策的引導下，電力、鋼鐵等高能耗行業紛紛加強技術革新，節能減排工作取得了初步成效。而在電信運營行業，通信機房作為節能減排的重點，對溫度、濕度等要求更高，在企業節能減排工作中應該引起高度重視。

• 通信機房節能減排的措施

• 通信機房節能減排應從管理節能和技術節能兩方面雙管齊下，以管理節能為基礎，逐步開展技術節能，積極穩妥地實施節能減排。

• 管理節能

• 管理節能主要應考慮兩個方面。首先，在通信機房工程設計時，應給出較詳細的負荷計算說明和節能技術措施說明。目前的通信機房設計大多是用概算指標估算，且在估算過程中再加大負荷，使硬件設備長期在低負荷、低效率下運行，大馬拉小車現象嚴重。所以必須加強工程設計審核，嚴格把關；另外，必須把節能思想意識逐漸引入到各部門中，使通信機房在規劃、布局、色彩、方位及材料等方面為節能創造條件。

• 其次，必須加強制度建設，完善各種節能管理制度，做到賞罰分明，如：采用下送風方式的專用空調機房，在維護或施工人員檢修或布放線纜后，應及時蓋上靜電地板；定期檢查機房孔洞封堵情況，避免冷氣泄漏；將機房照明燈統一更換成節能燈照明；機房空調的溫度設置不能過低，一般在攝氏24至26度之間，采用舒適空調的一般性機房，在大氣溫度低于攝氏18度以下時，可以考慮停開空調，等等。

• 技術節能

• 技術節能就是通過采用各種新材料、新工藝或技術改造等措施來達到節能目的。

• 通信設備用電：由于通信網絡在用設備新舊交錯，耗電量也參差不齊。通過更換效率低下的在網設備，合理調整用電負荷能夠有效節能。

• （一）“電改光”實現節能減排：隨著數字通信的高速發展，交換設備也隨之大量增加，傳統的用電纜連接交換設備的弊端日益突出：一是機房內數字配線架數量急劇增加，電纜密布，走線槽道不堪重負，機房空間嚴重不足；二是材料、能源消耗多，污染嚴重，且有些材料沒有再利用價值，成為污染性工業垃圾；三是工程建設難度大、周期長，傳輸工程施工中同軸電纜的布放、焊接、測試消耗工日最多，特別是走線槽道空間不足時布線非常困難；四是網絡維護中連接件故障率高，2M電路的同軸電纜接頭衰耗大，傳輸距離短，易出虛焊，易受靜電干擾，經常發生連接件故障。為此，采用交換設備間光口直連技術，大量節約機房面積和原料（一對光纖可以替代原來的63個2M端口），且節能降耗，同時還能縮短工期（光口中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜直連操作簡便，較電路直連工期可節省三分之一）及便于維護。

• （二）服務器產品節能：以往大家比較忽視的電源供應器，其實是耗電的元兇之一——若輸出轉換效率不夠好，其會消耗更多電力。電源供應器的輸出轉換效率對于省電有多大幫助呢？目前已有多家廠商采用通過“80 Plus”認證的電源供應器，據測試，服務器采用了該電源供應器后，耗電量減少了27%。另外，適當降低電源供應器的瓦數也可節省電力。同時，服務器廠商采用的2.5寸硬盤的耗電量也僅為3.5寸硬盤的一半。

• （三）機柜節能：透過水冷機柜降低空調費用，水冷機柜如同冰箱后方的冷卻導管，可將機柜排放的熱能直接與冷卻水交換，讓服務器排放的熱量直接被帶走，降低空調費用。節能型機柜采用了Speed-Step技術進行頻率和供電的管理；從交流供電轉化為直流供電（高效的直流電源可將電能的轉換效率從原來的80%以下提高到85%以上）。另外把服務器的風扇和部件更多地模塊化，在系統不使用相關部件時盡量使其處于不工作狀態，這樣也能有效地降低無用功率損耗。采取上述措施后，在一個包含30臺服務器的機柜中，能耗節省將超過18%。

• （四）整并讓刀片服務器省電效益更顯著：目前機架服務器風扇的省電效率仍不及刀片服務器，主要原因在于，刀片機箱內所有的刀片運算模塊共享散熱風扇、電源供應器與網絡設備。機柜的通孔率高達83%，高通孔率再配以先進的風扇系統所提供的強力散熱氣流，充分滿足了刀片式服務器高熱密度的散熱需求，減少了機房內的能源消耗，為其營造了“綠色空間”。

• （五）“程控交換機減容”實現節能減排：近年來，固話業務不斷萎縮，造成大量用戶機架閑置，而這些閑置的用戶機盤照樣消耗著不少電量，適時、有針對性地做好“程控交換機減容”工作，既可以節省通信機房用電量，又可以減少設備機架的熱排放量，做到兩全其美。值得注意的是，減容后的程控交換機用戶機架及線纜要及時拆除，以免阻礙機房內氣流暢通，影響空調制冷效果。

• 機房環境用電：機房環境節能的重點是空調節能。從技術的角度探討，主要包括以下幾個方面。

• （一）變頻技術節能：這是一種應用廣泛的電機節能技術。應用了變頻技術的空調系統一方面降低了開關損耗，另一方面提高了低頻運轉時的能效。在空調多種節能技術的應用中，變頻技術是比較有效和成熟的技術。目前，在通信機房空調系統中，變頻節能技術主要有中央空調水系統變頻調速節能及機房專用空調壓縮機變頻兩種方式。

• 在中央空調水系統變頻調速節能方式中，采用交流變頻技術控制水泵的運行是目前中央空調系統節能改造的有效途經之一。當所需流量減少，水泵轉速降低時，其電動機的所需功率按轉速的三次方下降，如水泵轉速下降到額定轉速的60%，即f=30Hz時，其電動機的功率下降了78.4%，即節電率為78.4%。

• 而在機房專用空調壓縮機變頻方式下，應用了變頻技術的空調機一方面降低了開關損耗，另一方面提高了低頻運轉時的能效。不過由于變頻技術的核心原理為高頻脈寬調制技術，使用變頻器就相當于增加了一個諧波源，而且空調設備的功率一般都比較大，因此對通信電源低壓配電系統的諧波干擾，以及通信設備的電磁干擾不容忽視。中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• 在采用中央空調水系統變頻調速節能方式時，應盡量將空調系統的低壓配電與通信設備的低壓配電分隔開。機房專用空調壓縮機采用變頻技術，則應注意與通信設備保持距離并做好電磁防護措施。

• （二）機房專用空調的自適應控制節能技術：通過自動計算機房不同的工況條件、空調冷量分布、風量擴張循環等綜合數據，動態跟蹤計算空調在外部不同季節的環境溫度與室內目標溫度的關系，以及空調當前的富余容量，精確控制“N+1”、“N+0”、“N-1” 等臺空調數量的優先開關機順序，使空調組群始終處于最合理的工作狀態，提高優化冷量的利用效果，達到空調效率最大化。該系統的安裝和施工簡單方便，不需對機房結構做任何變動，不影響原有空調系統結構，具有較好的安全性、可靠性，日常維護也相對簡單方便。

• （三）冷水機組空調水處理：在冷水機組中，空調水系統水管的水垢、腐蝕及青苔對制冷系統影響極大，也是空調中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜能耗高的重要原因之一。定期對空調水系統進行水處理是降低消耗、提高空調系統工作效率的一種方法。此外，采用高頻多段磁場對冷卻水系統及冷凍水系統的水質進行處理，也是一種可行的方法。

• （四）利用自然冷源的節能技術——新風系統：其原理是利用機房室外的自然環境為冷源，當室外空氣溫度比室內低一定程度時，依靠通風將機房內的熱量帶走，實現室內散熱，從而達到降低機房內部溫度的目的，通過減少空調的使用時間達到節約電能的目的。新風系統主要有自然通風及熱交換兩種類型。

• 當室外空氣溫度較低時，自然通風新風系統直接將室外低溫空氣送至室內，為室內降溫。當室外溫度高，不足以帶走室內熱量時，則仍然開啟空調工作；熱交換新風系統在室外新風冷源的利用上采用了隔絕換熱的方式，只利用室外新風作為冷源帶走熱量，室外空氣并不直接進入室內，而室內空氣通過換熱冷卻后再被送回室內。

• 新風系統工作原理簡單，節能效果比較直接，但要注意兩點：第一，自然通風新風系統直接引入室外的空氣，使機房環境直接受外界影響，因此，如何保證機房的溫度、濕度、潔凈度，有待探討；第二，新風系統的效率主要受室內外溫差的影響，各地由于緯度、地勢和地理條件不同，氣候差異懸殊，因此節能效果也因地而異，需要通過實踐來驗證。

• （五）新型制冷劑節能技術：目前已有一些R4**制冷劑替代常用的R12、R22等制冷物質，這種環保節能型制冷劑在某些地方進行了試驗性應用，取得了一定的效果，但也存在一些問題。根據目前掌握的資料和數據表明，使用R4**制冷劑的實際節能效果受各種因素影響，與理論計算有一定誤差，需要進一步在不同環境和條件下進行實驗測試，并在實際使用環境中跟蹤，長時間測量有關數據，觀察設備的運行情況。

• 諧波治理：諧波對電網的危害眾所周知。對諧波的治理，除了改善供電質量外，通過減少無功功率的消耗，也可以起到節能的效果。

• 提高空調制冷效率的有效辦法

• 提高空調制冷效率的一個有效辦法是實現“按需制冷”，將冷媒送到最貼近熱源的地方，也就是將制冷方式從房間級制冷轉變為機柜級別制冷，最后到芯片級制冷，這也正是機房制冷的發展趨勢。

• 傳統機房空調很少考慮機柜內部溫度，僅能保證機房內溫度符合要求，而實際上，由于刀片服務器的使用，機柜內很容易出現局部熱點。對此，傳統空調只能是靠進一步降低機房溫度來解決，由此造成浪費也在所難免。針對這種狀況，市場上出現了一種機柜級制冷的空調，它將制冷系統安裝在機柜之間，把冷風送到各個機柜的正面，然后從機柜的后部抽取熱風。由于冷風直接送到熱源附近，不像傳統的機房采用底部送風或天花板送風，因而可以保證機柜內不出現熱點。據統計，與傳統制冷系統相比，該制冷系統的電力消耗會節省50%以上。

• 如果說從傳統空調轉變為“按需制冷”，還需投入一定資金對機房進行改造因而不具有普遍性的話，也有一些不需要很大投入的節能方法，卻同樣能達到很好的節能效果。比如，將機柜兩兩相對，也就是在送風的冷風道上將兩排機柜面對面擺放，而回風的熱風道上將兩排機柜背靠背擺放。冷熱風道的形式減少了冷熱風會合的可能性，從而提高了冷風的利用率。另外，在系統的設計上盡可能采用下送風、上回風的送風方式，對機柜內部的氣流組織更細化，加裝阻風盲板和氣流分配單元等，對空調進行統一控制和及時維護，防止有的空調在加濕，而有的空調在除濕的現象，這些都是非常有效的節能技巧。

• 實際上，在制冷方面，國內和國外都有很多成功案例，不少通信機房獨創了很多高效率的制冷方法，值得借鑒。在國外，借助自然界天然冷空氣來為機房降溫已經受到重視，據報道，位于美國羅德島的布萊恩特大學也在借助冰雪天氣來節約機房的電能消耗。其數據中心配有一套封閉的以乙二醇為冷卻劑的循環制冷系統，當天氣很冷時，系統就會利用室外的冷空氣給冷卻劑降溫，僅此一項就降低了20%–30%的電能消耗。

• 通信機房節能注意要點

• 首先，節能必須保證通信安全。節能不能影響機房環境質量、降低和導致設備壽命縮短。提倡通過合理調整設備工況實現節能目標，這種節能方式能起到延長設備壽命的作用。

• 其次，節能的效果不是無限的。節能只是把一些原來富余的冷量、電量、水量、風量節約下來，而不應把正常生產該消耗的能量也節省掉。如果一個機房所配置的空調不足，全部設備開起來也不能滿足要求，就根本談不上空調的節能問題。

• 第三，節能需要有一定的投入。節能技術的應用要增加或改造一定數量設備，也要增加設備維護工作量。應該對節能項目是否能做到既節約能源又降低運營成本進行跟蹤測試，并在作出綜合評估之后再決定是否需要啟動節能項目。中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• 第四，節能必須因地制宜，不能生搬硬套。例如，新風節能系統在我國北方和低溫季節使用效果很好，但在南方和高溫天氣就會受到限制。應該先進行試點并詳細測試，取得經驗后再逐步推廣。

• 結語

• 綜上可見，通信機房的節能減排工作大有潛力可挖，只要我們樹立“從我做起，從現在做起”的行動準則，切切實實行動起來，一定會取得滿意的成效。

• 文/湖北電信石首分公司朱少華 湖北省電信工程有限公司朱碩 

• In recent years, all walks of life have begun to blow the battle cry for energy conservation and emission reduction. Under the guidance of macro policies, power and steel and other energy intensive industries have intensified technological innovation, and achieved initial results in energy conservation and emission reduction. In becom operation industry, the communication room is the focus of energy saving and emission reduction, and has higher requirements for temperature and humidity. It should be highly valued in the work of energy saving and emission reduction in enterprises.

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• Measures for energy saving and emission reduction in communication machine room

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• Communication room energy saving and emission reduction should be managed from two aspects of management, energy saving and technology and energy saving. Based on management energy saving, we should gradually carry out technical energy saving and actively and steadily implement energy saving and emission reduction.

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• Management of energy saving

• 
  

• Two aspects should be taken into account in the management of energy conservation.  First of all, the detailed debion of load calculation and energy saving technical measures should be given in the engineering design of the communication machine room. Most of the current communication room design is estimated by budgetary indicators, and the load is increased during the estimation process, which makes the hardware devices run at low load and low efficiency for a long time. The phenomenon of Malaya car is serious. Therefore, we must strengthen the engineering design audit and strictly control. In addition, we must gradually introduce energy saving ideology into all sectors, so as to create conditions for the communication room to save energy in terms of planning, layout, color, b and materials.

• 
  

• Secondly, we must strengthen the system construction, improve energy management system, reward, such as: special air conditioning room air supply by the construction personnel in the maintenance or repair or cable laying, should be bly covered with static floor; regularly check room hole plugging condition, avoid air leakage; the room lamp unified replacement into energy-saving lamp lighting; room air conditioning temperature settings can not be too low, generally between 24 to 26 degrees Celsius, the general air conditioning room comfortable, in the atmospheric temperature below 18 degrees Celsius below, you can consider to stop air conditioning, etc..

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• Technology energy saving

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• Technology saving energy is to achieve the purpose of saving energy by adopting various new materials, new technology or technological transbation.

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• Communication equipment electricity: because the communication network is interlaced with new and old equipment, the power consumption is also uneven. Through the replacement of low efficiency in the network equipment, the reasonable adjustment of the electric load can effectively save energy.

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• (a) "the power to change the light to realize energy saving and emission reduction: with the rapid development of digital communication, equipment will be a substantial increase in exchange for traditional cable connection exchange equipment has become increasingly prominent drawbacks: one is the room within the digital distribution frame a sharp increase in the number of cables, clouds, wire channel overwhelmed, room space shortage; two is the material and energy consumption, serious pollution, and some materials no longer use value, become the pollution of industrial waste; three is the construction difficult, long cycle, transmission construction of coaxial cable laying, welding, testing work consumes most, especially the wiring very difficult go line lack of channel space; four is the maintenance of network connections and high fault rate, coaxial cable connector attenuation 2M circuit, short transmission distance, easy to weld, susceptible to electrostatic interference, often even Fault of connection. To this end, the exchange between the equipment of light direct technology, large room area and save the raw materials (a pair of fiber can replace 63 2M ports of the original), and energy saving, but also can shorten the construction period (direct port operation, a direct circuit can save 1/3 time) and convenient maintenance.

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• (two) server product energy saving: the power supply that we used to neglect before is actually one of the main contributors of power consumption. If the output conversion efficiency is not good enough, it will consume more power. How does the output conversion efficiency of the power supply help to save electricity? At present, many vendors have adopted the "80 Plus" certification power supply. According to the test, the power consumption is reduced by 27% after the power supply is used by the server. In addition, a proper reduction in the wattage of the power supply can also save electricity. At the same time, the 2.5 inch hard disk used by the server manufacturer is only half the power consumption of the 3.5 inch hard disk.

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• (three) cabinet energy saving: reduce the cost of air conditioning through the water-cooled cabinet. The water cooling cabinet is like the cooling catheter behind the fridge. It can exchange the heat discharged from the cabinet directly with the cooling water, so that the heat discharged from the server can be directly taken away, and the air conditioning cost will be reduced. The energy saving cabinet adopts Speed-Step technology to manage frequency and power supply. From AC power supply to DC power supply (efficient DC power supply, the conversion efficiency of electric energy can be increased from less than 80% to 85%). In addition, the fan and components of the server are modularized. If the system does not use related components, it will keep it in a state of no operation, which can also effectively reduce the useless power loss. After taking the above measures, the energy saving will be more than 18% in a cabinet with 30 servers.

• 
  

• (four) let the blade server save electricity more effectively. The power saving efficiency of rack server fan is still less than that of blade server. The main reason is that all blade operation modules in blade box share fan, power supply and network device. The through-hole rate of the cabinet is as high as 83%, and the high pass porosity is matched with the strong cooling air flow provided by the advanced fan system, which fully meets the heat dissipation demand of the blade server's high heat density, reduces the energy consumpt中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜ion in the computer room, and creates a "green space" for it.

• 
  

• (five) "reducing the volume of SPC exchanges" to achieve energy saving and emission reduction: in recent years, the fixed line business has been shrinking, resulting in a large number of user rack idle, and these idle user disk still consume a lot of electricity, timely and targeted to do well in SPC exchanges.

• 眾所周知，電信事業在最近十年間正蓬勃迅猛地發展，到2012年底，全球移動用戶數將突破60億，寬帶用戶數將突破6億。目前國內移動用戶數已突破10億，寬帶用戶數已接近2億。數字化時代已經將人們的生活與電信網絡緊密聯系在一起，成為不可或缺的一部分。而人們對于網絡質量的訴求也越來越高，穩定可靠的網絡成為了當前電信行業競爭的一個主要方面。

• 可靠的供電解決方案是保障網絡穩定運行的關鍵因素

• 由于大多數電信設備都需要-48V的直流電源，將交流電網的電能轉換為穩定可靠的直流電能的直流電源系統就成為了保障網絡正常運行的一個關鍵因素。因為一旦直流電源系統發生故障，將會影響電信設備的正常工作，甚至有導致通信網絡癱瘓的風險。

• 中心機房作為電信網絡中的數據交換樞紐，承載著區域、地市、甚至省份之間的語音、數據等業務的中轉、交換和費用結算等工作，服務于數以百萬計的用戶，是整個電信網絡中的核心，具有極其重要的地位。因此，給中心機房電信設備供電的大功率電源具有不可忽視的作用。

• 作為業界領先的信息與通信解決方案供應商，華為以其對電信網絡的深刻理解及世界級的研發力量，推出了為中心機房定制的分立式大功率電源解決方案——TP483000D。在產品設計階段，由于深刻理解中心機房的重要性，所以華為始終把電源產品的可靠性放在第一位，并且從一開始，我們就著眼于提供從模塊到系統，再到整個組網的電信級可靠性解決方案。

• 先進的專利技術打造高效可靠的整流模塊，從根本處保障穩定供電

• 對于直流電源系統來說，最核心的部件是整流模塊，這也是決定整個電源系統性能的主要部件。華為專業的開發團隊，通過PFC及LLC的專利技術，率先實現了大功率整流模塊內的濾波電容低頻化及模塊器件分散化設計，有效降低了電容的工作頻率，并且增加了模塊內部器件的散熱面積，從而實現在器件級別提升模塊的可靠性。這樣的設計，將模塊的平均無故障工作時間提升至54萬小時，居于業界領先水平。另外，通過交錯并聯的PFC專利技術，整流模塊的三次諧波被大大降低，使得THD能夠有效控制在3%以內，在保證模塊可靠供電的同時，也減少了對電網的污染。與此同時，這一系列專利技術在提升可靠性的同時，實現了超低損耗電能轉換，使模塊的整流效率達到了接近于97%的水平，不僅使模塊實現高可靠，同時也實現了高效率。對于一個中等規模的中心機房來說，每年可以節省用電量10萬千瓦時以上，真正實現了綠色環保的高可靠性能。在電路控制上，華為自研的模塊DSP主控芯片采用了先進的邏輯算法，使華為大功率整流模塊率先實現了無零線輸入及缺相工作。目前，業界傳統的整流模塊都需要通過引入零線來實現電壓平衡，零線缺失很可能會導致模塊燒毀或非正常報警，而華為通過先進的芯片級電路控制，以虛擬零線的方式實現了無零線輸入；同時，DSP通過智能電相調節，使在某一火線缺失時，模塊仍然可以保持50%的功率輸出，從而保證了在發生極端情況時，盡可能的減少甚至消除對后端負載的影響，保證中心機房的設備能安全穩定的運行。

• 出色的配電監控、完善的預警系統及智能的電池管理，保障中心機房網絡設備安全穩定運行

• 除了在模塊上有著先進的技術來保障可靠性，在整個電源系統結構設計上，華為同樣也保持著可靠性優先的理念。

• 我們都知道，中心機房里的設備至關重要，關系著整個電信網絡的正常運行。我們不但要保證供電設備能提供穩定可靠的電能，同時從一開始就預防各類事故的發生，包括在極端情況下，電信設備能夠被充分的保護。例如，針對負載過流故障，華為的分立式電源系統給重要負載支路都配備分流器，能對重要負載進行分別監控，及時了解每路負載的電流大小，并給這些重要負載支路設立一個預警點，當電流達到預警設置點時，系統能及時發出告警。通過本地聲光報警系統通知到運維人員，這樣運維人員就能及時了解異常情況并且迅速將故障解除。如果沒有運維人員在現場巡檢，電源系統還設計了多重監控報警輸出方式，可通過華為先進的NetEco網管系統或現網動力環境監控系統，將報警信息能夠及時傳遞到監控中心相關運維人員，使得故障能夠及時被解決。同時，華為的NetEco網管系統遠程告警功能，可通過無線信號，將報警信息通過短信、電話等方式通知運維人員，報警信息能毫無遺漏的傳遞到位。

• 對于直流供電系統來說，為了確保萬一，都會配備直流電池以應對市電中斷的緊急情況。而目前大容量的蓄電池通常選用鉛酸電池，鉛酸電池具有生命周期短，電池管理難度高等特點，如果對于電池充放電管理不當，很有可能會造成在停電的時候電池無法發揮緊急備電的作用。華為的配電監控系統具有先進的電池管理能力，能夠對電池的充放電進行有效管理，通過定期對需電池進行放電測試以及部分放電續充，以保持電池內電解液的活性，延長電池使用壽命，并且確保電池能有效工作。同時，配電監控系統的電池檢測功能，可以主動檢測電池的電壓，實時監控并對異常情況作出預警。

• As we all know, becom industry is developing vigorously in recent ten years. By the end of 2012, the number of mobile users will exceed 6 billion, and the number of broadband users will exceed 600 million. At present, the number of mobile users in China has exceeded 1 billion, and the number of broadband users is close to 200 million. The digital age has closely bed the people's life with the becommunications network, becoming an indispensable part. The demand for the network quality is becoming higher and higher, and the stable and reliable network has become a major aspect of the current competition in the becommunication industry.

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• A reliable power supply solution is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the network

• 中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• Because most becom equipments need DC power supply of -48V, converting the electric energy of AC power network to a DC power system with stable and reliable DC power becomes a key factor to ensure the normal operation of the network. Because once the DC power system fails, it will affect the normal work of the becommunication equipment and even the risk of the paralysis of the communication network.

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• As the center of the becommunication network data exchange hub, carrying the regional, city and even the province between the voice and data business transfer, exchange and settlement fees etc., serving millions of users, is the core of the becom network, it has an extremely important b. Therefore, the power supply to the becommunications equipment in the central machine room has an important role to be ignored.

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• As a leading supplier of inbation and communication solutions, HUAWEI has launched a TP483000D solution for the central computer room, which is a separate high-power power solution, thanks to its deep understanding of becom network and world-class research and development capabilities. In the stage of product design, due to the importance of understanding the center room, so HUAWEI has always been the reliability of power supply products in the first place, and from the beginning, we will focus on providing from the module to the system, and then to the reliability of the whole network Telecom solutions.

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• Advanced patent technology creates efficient and reliable rectifier module to ensure stable power supply from the root

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• For the DC power supply system, the most important component is the rectifier module, which is the main component to determine the perbance of the whole power system. HUAWEI professional development team, through the PFC and LLC's patented technology, to realize the low frequency filter capacitor and decentralized power rectifier module device design module, effectively reduce the work frequency of the capacitor, and increasing the cooling area inside the module device, so as to realize the reliability module in device level. In this design, the average failure time of the module is raised to 540 thousand hours, and it is in the leading level in the industry. In addition, by interlacing PFC patent technology, the three harmonics of the rectifier module is greatly reduced, enabling THD to be effectively controlled within 3%. While ensuring reliable power supply, it also reduces the pollution to the power grid. At the same time, a series of patent technologies have improved the reliability and achieved ultra-low loss power conversion. The rectification efficiency of the module has reached to 97% level, which not only makes the module achieve high reliability, but also achieves high efficiency. For a medium sized central machine room, it can save more than 100 thousand kilowatt hours of electricity per year, and truly realize the high reliability of green environmental protection. In circuit control, HUAWEI's self developed module DSP main chip adopts advanced logic algorithm, which enables HUAWEI high power rectifier module to achieve zero line b and lack of phase. At present, the industry of the traditional rectifier module need to introduce the zero line to achieve zero voltage balance, line loss is likely to lead to burn or abnormal alarm module, and HUAWEI through the chip level control circuit is advanced, with the realization of the virtual zero line zero line b; at the same time, DSP is regulated by the inbligent electric. In a line deletion, module can still maintain a power output of 50%, which occurred in the extreme case, as far as possible to reduce or even eliminate the impact of back end load, guarantee center can safe and stable operation of equipment.

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• Excellent distribution monitoring, perfect early warning system and inbligent battery management to ensure the safe and stable operation of network equipment in the center of the machine room

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• Besides having advanced technology to support reliability in modules, HUAWEI also maintains the concept of re中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜liability first in the whole power system structure design.

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• As we all know, the equipment in the central machine room is very important, which is related to the normal operation of the whole becommunication network. We should not only ensure that the power supply equipment can provide stable and reliable power, but also prevent all kinds of accidents from the beginning, including in extreme cases, the becommunication equipment can be fully protected. For example, according to the load current fault, discrete power system of HUAWEI to the important load branch are equipped with shunt, were carried out to monitor the important load, timely understanding of the current of each channel load, and to the important load branch to set up a warning, warning when the current reached the set point, the system can be issued in a timely manner alarm. The local acousto-optic alarm system is notified to the operation and maintenance personnel so that the operators will be able to understand the abnormal situation in time and quickly remove the fault. If there is no operation and maintenance personnel in the on-site inspection, the power system is also designed for multiple monitoring alarm output, through the NetEco network management system of HUAWEI advanced or network dynamic environment monitoring system, alarm inbation can be transmitted to the monitoring center of relevant maintenance personnel, the fault can be resolved in a timely manner. At the same time, HUAWEI NetEco network management system remote alarm function, through the wireless signal, the alarm inbation through SMS.

• 近日，2018世界移動大會在西班牙巴塞羅那正式開幕。中興通訊聚焦5G商用領先，攜手運營商、行業伙伴展示5G商用之路上最新成果與亮點，引領5G商用浪潮，加速通往5G成功之路。

• 2017年底，5G NSA標準第一個版本正式凍結。按照3GPP 5G標準發展進程，2018年6月份3GPP第一個完整5G標準版本R15將正式發布，屆時5G商用將正式啟動。作為5G先鋒，中興通訊在產品研發、商用驗證方面全面投入，已與全球20多家知名高端運營商開展5G合作和測試，推進5G商用進程。在本次世界移動大會上，中興通訊不僅聯合中國移動、Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.進行全球首個基于最新3GPP 5G NR標準的端到端IoDT測試演示，同時展示全球首個Sub-6GHz 5G外場試驗局的測試成果。

• 全球首個基于3GPP 5G NR標準的端到端IoDT測試 

• 2017年2月，中興通訊、中國移動、Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.共同宣布進行業界首個基于3GPP標準5G新空口（5G NR）規范的端到端互操作性測試。11月，三方在中國移動5G聯合創新中心實驗室中實現了全球首個基于3GPP R15標準的端到端5G新空口系統互通，系統互通采用了中興通訊的Sub-6GHz 5G新空口預商用基站，與Qualcomm的5G新空口終端原型機，實現1.4Gbps的單用戶峰值速率， 0.04ms的時延。端到端5G新空口系統的成功互通，是5G新空口技術向大規模預商用邁進的重要行業里程碑，推動了符合3GPP標準的5G網絡和終端產業快速發展。2018年，三方還將在外場環境中繼續驗證。

• 值得一提的是，2017年12月，中興通訊、Wind Tre和Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 也聯合宣布將合作開展基于3GPP 5G NR標準的互操作性測試和 OTA外場試驗。

• 全球首個Sub-6GHz 5G外場試驗局

• 2017年，中興通訊攜手中國移動在廣州建立5G外場試驗局，提供了全系列的5G核心網、基站、測試UE的整體解決方案。廣州5G外場實驗局是全球首個3.5GHz 5G外場試驗局，于2017年6月開通全球首個5G低頻預商用站點，在準商用測試環境下，單UE峰值速率超過2Gbps。11月，中興通訊聯合中國移動完成該試驗局的多基站連續覆蓋外場測試，多個5G站點形成連續5G NR覆蓋區域。

• 全系列端到端5G商用產品

• 目前，中興通訊已經推出面向5G商用的系列化產品，包括覆蓋高低頻段5G系列化接入設備、多樣化5G承載方案、靈活高效的5G核心網等，為有志于在2019年規模商用部署5G的運營商做好了充分準備。在5G無線接入側，中興通訊推出新一代5G全系列基站產品，包括新一代5G高低頻AAU、業界容量最大NG BBU、業界首個4G/5G雙模RRU，引領無線基站在技術創新走向新高度。在5G承載側，中興通訊率先推出5G Flexhaul方案及系列產品，覆蓋了全球首個1U高度同時可以支持10GE、25GE以及100GE接口的設備，業界首款T級別5G承載旗艦平臺等。在核心網側，中興通訊推出基于服務化架構的2/3/4/5G全融合云核心網產品Common Core，在全方位實現3GPP R15服務化架構的同時，在網絡功能（NF）和服務（Service）層面實現了多種接入方式的融合，助力運營商向5G平滑演進。

• 全球合作構筑5G實力

• 2017年，中興通訊在5G商用領域持續發力，高歌猛進，已與全球20多家高端運營商開展5G合作和中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜測試。

• 在國內，中興通訊積極參與國家三階段5G測試，同時聯合中國三大運營商，積極開展5G實驗：攜手中國移動在廣州建立5G外場試驗局，對5G連續組網進行了驗證；與中國聯通在深圳首個5G NR新空口外場測試站點完成相關業務驗證；聯合中國電信在雄安、蘇州首批開展5G預商用測試。

• 中興通訊與意大利第一大移動運營商Wind Tre、意大利領先有線運營商Open Fiber合作建設歐洲第一張5G預商用網絡；聯合Telefónica集團完成了5G網絡架構和承載測試，雙方還將在2018繼續對5G端到端方案進行驗證。

• 截至目前，中興通訊已與全球20多家運營商展開5G合作和測試，包括中國移動、中國聯通、中國電信、Telefónica、T-Mobile、意大利Wind Tre、比利時Telenet、VEON、馬來西亞U-Mobile，韓國KT等。今后，中興通訊將繼續與合作伙伴一道穩步推進5G測試和試驗，加速全球5G商用，共同為5G的多彩體驗而努力。

• Recently, the 2018 World Mobile conference was officially opened in Barcelona, Spain. ZTE focuses on 5G business leading, together with operators and industry partners to show the latest achievements and highlights of 5G business, leading 5G business wave to accelerate the way to 5G.

• 
  

• At the end of 2017, the first version of the 5G NSA standard was officially frozen. In accordance with the 3GPP 5G standard development process, the first complete 5G Standard Version of R15 will be officially released in June 2018, and the 5G business will be officially launched at that time. As a pioneer of 5G, ZTE has invested fully in product R & D and commercial verification. It has launched 5G cooperation and testing with more than 20 well-known high-end operators worldwide, promoting 5G business process. At this mobile world conference, ZTE not only combined with China Mobile, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. for the world's first end-to-end IoDT test demonstration based on the latest 3GPP 5G NR standard, but also showed the first test results of the first Sub-6GHz 5G field test Bureau in the world.

• 
  

• The world's first end to end IoDT test based on the 3GPP 5G NR standard

• 
  

• In February 2017, ZTE, China Mobile, Qualcomm, Technologies, Inc. jointly announced by the industry's first 3GPP standard based on 5G (5G NR) new air interface standard end-to-end interoperability test. In November, three in the China Mobile joint innovation center in the world's first 5G laboratory based on end to end 5G new 3GPP R15 standard air interface system interoperability, system interoperability using ZTE Sub-6GHz 5G new air pre commercial station, and the new 5G air interface terminal prototype Qualcomm, single user peak rate of 1.4Gbps, 0.04ms time delay. End to end 5G successful interoperability new air interface system, is an important industry milepost 5G new air interface technology towards large-scale pre commercial, promote conbs to 3GPP standard 5G network and terminal industry rapid development. In 2018, the three parties will continue to verify in the outfield environment.

• 
  

• It is worth mentioning that in December 2017, ZTE, Wind Tre and Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. also announced that they would cooperate to carry out interoperability test and OTA field test based on 3GPP 5G NR standard.

• 
  

• The world's first Sub-6GHz 5G field test Bureau

• 
  

• In 2017, ZTE joined China Mobile in Guangzhou to establish 5G outfield test Bureau, providing a full range of 5G core network, base station and UE solution. Guangzhou 5G outfield Experimental Bureau is the first 3.5GHz 5G field test Bureau in the world. In June 2017, the world's first 5G low-frequency pre commercial site was launched. Under quasi commercial test environment, the single UE peak rate exceeds 2Gbps. In November, ZTE combined with China Mobile to complete the test Bureau's multi base station continuous coverage test, and multiple 5G sites bed a continuous 5G NR coverage area.

• 中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• Full range end to end 5G commercial products

• 
  

• At present, ZTE has launched 5G series of products including commercial, covering the low and high frequency 5G series access equipment, diversification of 5G bearing scheme, flexible and efficient 5G core network, for those who want to do a good job in 2019 large-scale commercial deployment of 5G operators fully prepared. In the 5G wireless access side, ZTE has launched the new generation of 5G full base station products, including the new generation of 5G high and low frequency AAU, the largest capacity NG BBU, the industry's first 4G/5G dual mode RRU, leading the wireless base station to a new height in technological innovation. On the 5G bearer side, ZTE first launched 5G Flexhaul solutions and products, covering the world's first 1U height, supporting 10GE, 25GE and 100GE interface devices. The first T level 5G carries the flagship platb. In the core network side, ZTE launched a service architecture based on 2/3/4/5G fusion of cloud core network products Common Core, in the full range of 3GPP R15 service architecture and functions in the network (NF) and services (Service) to achieve the level of integration of a variety of access bs, evolution helps operators to 5G smoothing.

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• Global cooperation to build the strength of 5G

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• In 2017, ZTE continued to force, in the 5G business has been carried out in cooperation with 5G stride forward singing militant songs, more than 20 of the world's high-end operators and test.

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• In China, ZTE actively participate in the three stage of the national 5G test, combined with Chinese three operators, and actively carry out 5G experiments: to join China Mobile to establish 5G field test station in Guangzhou, on the 5G network continuous was verified; and China Unicom in Shenzhen's first 5G NR new air field test site to complete the relevant business joint verification; 5G China Telecom to carry out pre commercial testing in xiongan, the first batch of Suzhou.中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• 
  

• ZTE and Italy's largest mobile operator Wind Tre, Italy's leading construction cable operators Open Fiber cooperation in Europe first 5G pre commercial network; combined with Telef Nica group completed the 5G network architecture and load test, the two sides will also continue in 2018 of the end-to-end 5G scheme is verified.

• 
  

• As of now, ZTE has launched 5G cooperation and the b test and more than 20 operators, including China Mobile, China Unicom, China China Telecom, Telef, Nica, T-Mobile, Tre, Telenet, Wind Italy, Belgium VEON, Malaysia U-Mobile, Korea KT. In the future, ZTE will continue to work with partners to steadily push forward 5G tests and tests to speed up the b 5G business and work together for the colorful experience of 5G.

• C114訊 3月13日消息（張海龍）3月2日，工信部、科技部、環保部、交通部、商務部、質檢總局、國家能源局等七部局聯合發布了《關于組織開展新能源汽車動力蓄電池回收利用試點工作的通知》（以下簡稱《通知》）。

• 《通知》要求，到2020年，建立完善的動力蓄電池回收利用體系，形成一批先進示范項目、一批標桿企業、一批關鍵技術、一批技術標準。《通知》的主要內容是落實生產者責任延伸制度，構建回收利用體系；探索多樣化商業模式，推動梯次利用的規模化和智能化；推動先進技術的創新與應用，建立完善的政策激勵機制。

• 尤其值得一提的是，中國鐵塔成為了試點企業。《通知》稱，“支持中國鐵塔公司等企業結合各地區試點工作，充分發揮企業自身優勢，開展動力蓄電池梯次利用示范工程建設”。

• 去年以來，中國鐵塔積極履行社會責任，探索電動車退役動力電池的回收利用，助力生態文明社會建設。目前，中國鐵塔能源創新中心已完成《新能源汽車動力蓄電池回收利用試點實施方案》的編制和上報，正在全力開展動力電池梯次利用的研究和落地實施工作。

• 電動車動力電池回收迫在眉睫

• 2013年起，我國新能源汽車快速發展，截至2017年，中國新能源汽車保有量已經達到160余萬輛。按照新能源車電池5~8年的使用年限計算，目前已經有部分新能源車面臨電池回收的問題。

• 中國汽車技術研究中心數據顯示，2020年，僅國內純電動商用車和乘用退役電池容量將分別達1737萬KWh和684萬KWh，合計將有2421萬KWh轉入梯次利用市場。2020年后，這一數值將攀升至7786萬KWh。

• 有統計顯示，2016年國內進入拆解程序的新能源車電池不足1萬噸，超過八成的回收電池滯留在車企，既潛藏環境污染和安全風險，也不利于資源的梯次利用。

• 中國鐵塔早已開展電動汽車電池回收工作

• 事實上，在國家尚未發布《通知》前，中國鐵塔已經就電動車動力電池回收利用開展行動。

• 自2015年10月起，中國鐵塔已在福建、廣東、河南、黑龍江、山東、上海、四川、浙江、天津9個省份，共計建設了57個電池回收試驗站點，涵蓋各類型應用工況。

• 而在去年11月份，中國鐵塔在線商務平臺發布一則消息稱，將面向社會全面拓展長期、穩定的戰略合作伙伴渠道，并大量采購電動汽車退役動力電池及B品動力電池。

• 今年1月4日，中國中國鐵塔在北京與重慶長安、比亞迪、銀隆新能源、沃特瑪、國軒高科、桑頓新能源等16家企業，舉行了新能源汽車動力蓄電池回收利用戰略合作伙伴協議簽約儀式。

• 或將成未來動力電池回收利用大戶

• 數據顯示，中國鐵塔目前在全國范圍內擁有近200萬個鐵塔，備電需要電池約4400萬kWh;60萬座削峰填谷站需要電池約4400萬kWh;50萬座新能源站需要電池約4800萬kWh。合計需要電池約13600萬kWh。

• 此外，以存量站電池6年的更換周期計算，每年需要電池約2260萬kWh;以每年新建基站10萬個計算，預計新增電站需要電池約240萬kWh。合計每年共需要電池約2500萬kWh。

• 這一需求量無疑讓中國鐵塔成為了電池回收利用大戶，但收購價格將成為擺在中國鐵塔和電動車企業之間的巨大難題。目前因為價格、使用壽命等因素影響，大多數鐵塔仍舊以鉛酸電池為主。這也意味著，中國鐵塔給出的動力電池回收價格會十分低廉。不過，隨著中國鐵塔與16家車企簽約，也許中國鐵塔與車企已經就價格、回收方式等達成一致。尤其是，《通知》的下發將讓中國鐵塔在動力電池回收走上快車道。

• C114 news March 13th news (Zhang Hailong) in March 2nd seven, the Ministry of science and technology, Ministry of environmental protection, Ministry of communications, Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of quality inspection, the national energy bureau bureau jointly issued "on the organization to carry out the new energy automotive battery recycling pilot work notice" (hereinafter referred to as the "notice").

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• The notice requires that by 2020, a perfect power battery recycling system will be established to b a batch of advanced demonstration projects, a batch of benchmarking enterprises, a batch of key technologies and a set of technical standards. Main content of the "notice" is the implementation of extended producer responsibility system, construction of recycling system; explore the diversified business model, promoting the scale and inbligent echelon use; innovation and promote the application of advanced technology, establish and improve the incentive mechanism of policy.

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• It is particularly worth mentioning that the Chinese iron tower has become a pilot enterprise. "Notice", "Chinese tower company with the support of pilot work in various regions, and give full play to their own advantages, to carry out the battery echelon use demonstration projects".

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• Since last year, China Tower has actively fulfilled its social responsibility and explored the recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles, and helped the construction of ecological civilization. At present, China Innovation Center tower has completed the compilation of "energy plan" car battery recycling pilot new energy and reporting, research is to carry out battery echelon use and implementation work.

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• The recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles is imminent

• 中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• Since 2013, China's new energy vehicles have developed rapidly. As of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in China has reached more than 160 million vehicles.  According to the service life of the new energy vehicle battery for 5~8 years, some new energy vehicles are now facing the problem of battery recycling.

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• Chinese Automotive Technology Research Center data show that in 2020, only domestic pure electric commercial vehicles and passenger retired battery capacity will reach 17 million 370 thousand KWh and 6 million 840 thousand KWh respectively, the total will be 24 million 210 thousand KWh into the echelon use market. After 2020, this value will rise to 77 million 860 thousand KWh.

• 
  

• Statistics show that in 2016 China entered the dismantling process of new energy vehicles battery less than 10 thousand tons, more than 80% stranded in the car battery recycling enterprises, as well as potential environmental pollution and safety risk, is not conducive to resource utilization echelon.

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• China's iron tower has already carried out battery recycling for electric vehicles

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• In fact, before the state has issued the "notice", the Chinese tower has already carried out b on the recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles.

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• Since October 2015, China's tower has built 57 battery recovery test sites in 9 provinces including Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Tianjin, covering all kinds of application conditions.

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• In November of last year, China's Tower online business platb released a news report that it will expand the long-term and stable strategic partners channels for the society, and purchase a lot of electric vehicle decommissioning power battery and B power battery.

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• In January 4th this year, China Chinese tower in Beijing and Chongqing, Changan BYD, silver long new energy, optimum, China Xuan tech Thornton, new energy and other 16 enterprises, held a new energy vehicle battery recycling strategic partnership agreement signing ceremony.

• 
  

• Or will be a big battery for future power batteries

• 
  

• Data show that the Chinese tower now has nearly 2 million towers nationwide, and the battery needs about 44 million kWh. The 600 thousand peak shaving and filling stations need about 44 million kWh of batteries, and 500 thousand new energy stations need 48 million kWh of batteries. The total number of batteries is about 136 million kWh.

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• In addition, with the replacement period of 6 years of storage battery, the battery needs about 22 million 600 thousand kWh a year, and 100 thousand new base stations are built every year. It is estimated that the new power plant needs batteries of about 2 million 400 thousand kWh. The total battery needs about 25 million kWh per year.

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• This demand will undoubtedly make China's tower a big battery recycling user, but the purchase price will become a huge problem between Chinese tower and electric vehicle enterprises. Most of the towers are still dominated by lead-acid batteries because of the impact of price, life and other factors. It also means that the price of the battery recycling in China's tower will be very low. However, as the Chinese iron tower and 16 car companies signed, perhaps the Chinese tower and car enterprises have reached agreement on the price, the way of recycling and so on. In particular, the announcement of the "notice" will allow the Chinese iron tower to take the fast lane on the battery recycling.

• 《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》（工業和信息化部令第42號）建立電信業務經營不良名單和失信名單，實行信用管理，使多年來行業管理觀念、思路和手段為之大變。辦法對信用管理理念的闡釋和具體制度設計，具有認知恰當、標準明確、操作簡便等特點，將信用管理的制度功能發揮得淋漓盡致，別具一格。不良名單和失信名單，適用于電信和互聯網企業，將對行業產生深遠影響。

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• 一、運作原理中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

• 
  

• 信用管理的運作原理，可以概括為“今天為昨天的行為負責，明天為今天的行為負責”。比如，電信業務經營者超范圍經營電信業務情節嚴重的，將被給予責令停業整頓的處罰。停業整頓，是法律對電信業務經營者超范圍經營電信業務違法行為給予的否定性評價，是電信業務經營者對自己違法行為所要承擔的不利后果。

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• 依據《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》第四十六條，前述企業還要被列入電信業務經營失信名單。依據第五條和第六條規定，企業被列入失信名單的，將不可以申請辦理或者續辦電信業務經營許可證。因此，若前述企業過去被列入失信名單，現在不可以申請取得電信業務經營許可證，即“今天為昨天的行為負責”；若現在被列入失信名單，將來在法定期限內也不可以申請取得電信業務經營許可證，即“明天為今天的行為負責”。

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• “今天為昨天的行為負責，明天為今天的行為負責”，實質是拉長了對行為否定性評價的時間跨度。前述企業被停業整頓，已經是對其違法行為進行了懲處，即自己對自己的行為負責。現代市場經濟的運行基礎，是意思自治和自己對自己的行為負責。意思自治，指市場主體對自己的利益和行為自主做出決定或者處分；自己對自己的行為負責，是意思自治的延伸，指市場主體對前述利益處分行為和自主決定的行為承擔法律上的后果，包括利益和不利益。

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• 從行政管理角度，對某個違法行為在考量情節輕重、違法后果等因素基礎上給予相應的行政處罰，即是讓行為人對自己的行為負責。但是，信用管理是讓行為人在已經對自己行為承擔責任的基礎上，對其行為持續負責。從時間軸角度看，行政處罰或者民事責任，是對違法行為在一個時間點上給予否定性評價，而信用管理則是對違法行為在一個時間段上給予否定性評價。

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• 信用管理通過拉長對違法行為進行否定性評價的時間跨度，對行為人一段時間內從事相關活動的能力和資格進行限制，加重了行為人責任，可以督促行為人意識到違法后果不是一時之痛，而是長久之痛，謹慎行為，積極守法。

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• 二、運作機制

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• （一）總體考量

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• 市場經濟是法治經濟，法治尊重和保障行為人的主體性，從制度上保障當事人的意思自治。同時，民事責任、行政責任和刑事責任的設定，要考慮主觀過錯、情節輕重、因果關系、社會影響等因素，讓行為人對自己的行為負責，屬于有限責任，而非無限責任，目的是保障行為人的自主性。

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• 信用管理在常規法律責任之外，對行為人的活動能力、范圍和資格進行限制，與法治的基本價值設定之間存在一定的不同。由于信用管理在正常的法律責任之外，限制了行為人從事有關活動的能力和資格，雖然可以督促行為人守法經營，但若不加節制地運用，將不利于市場主體積極參與市場活動，有礙市場活力的迸發。

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• 《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》統籌運用行政處罰與信用管理，在不良名單與失信名單的列入上，基本以行政處罰作為標準，將信用管理與行政處罰二者進行了有效銜接。《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》嚴格限制列入失信名單的情形，即限于嚴重違法且受到停業整頓、吊銷許可證較重處罰的情形，實際上是將行政處罰作為常規性管理手段，將信用管理定位為非常規性管理手段。總體上，《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》尊重市場規律，謹中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜慎使用信用管理手段，懸而慎用，更多發揮信用管理機制的威懾作用，做到寬嚴相濟。

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• （二）具體機制

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• 《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》第三十七條對不良名單和失信名單作了原則性規定，要求電信管理機構根據隨機抽查、日常監督檢查及行政處罰記錄等情況建立“兩單”，并定期更新和向社會公示。不良名單本身不具有限制列入主體活動能力或者資格的效力，更多體現“聲譽罰”的特性，即對列入名單的主體粘貼“不良”標簽，向社會公眾公示。失信名單具有限制列入主體活動能力或者資格的效力，一般被形象地稱為“黑名單”；不良名單作為失信名單的過渡，可以被形象稱為“灰名單”；既未列入“黑名單”也未列入“灰名單”的，可以形象地稱為“白名單”中的企業。

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• 1.不良名單的列入和移出

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• 依據《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》第三十八條和第四十二條，電信業務經營者未按期上報年報信息或者受到電信管理行政處罰的，由電信管理機構列入不良名單。不良名單的列入標準有兩個：未按期上報年報信息和受到電信管理機構處罰。不良名單的適用對象是電信業務經營者。

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• 依據第三十八條，因未按期上報年報信息列入不良名單的電信業務經營者，履行報告年報信息義務的，經電信管理機構確認后移出。依據第四十二條，列入不良名單的電信業務經營者，一年內未再次受到電信管理機構行政處罰的，由電信管理機構移出不良名單。

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• 不良名單的列入和移出，具有“易進易出”特點。電信業務經營者受到一次行政處罰，就要被列入不良名單，說明不良名單的列入門檻較低。設置較低的不良名單列入門檻，是為了督促企業守法經營。因為極易列入不良名單，企業就會格外注意自己的行為，避免輕易列入。若列入門檻較高，比如一年內被行政處罰三次才列入，企業就會存在僥幸心態（一年被處罰兩次，就可以不被列入）。

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• 被列入不良名單的電信業務經營者，只要一年內不被電信管理機構處罰，就可以被移出不良名單。這說明不良名單的移出門檻低，具有“易出”特點。企業被列入不良名單后，很容易就能達到“移出”標準，會積極守法經營，努力尋求摘掉“不良”的標簽。若移出門檻較高，比如三年內未被處罰才可以移出，企業難以達到這個標準，則企業繼續破罐破摔的可能性就大，積極守法經營尋求移出的動力就小。

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• 2.失信名單的列入和移出

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• 失信名單的適用對象包括電信業務經營者和其他主體，如無證經營電信業務的企業。原則上，列入失信名單的企業，應當首先被列入不良名單，即依據《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》第四十二條第二款規定，列入不良名單的電信業務經營者，三年內再次受到電信管理機構責令停業整頓、吊銷經營許可證的處罰，或者具有工業和信息化部規定的其他情形的，列入電信業務經營失信名單。

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• 需要注意的是，列入不良名單的企業若一年內未被電信管理機構處罰將被移出不良名單，移出不良名單的企業若在第四十二條第二款規定的期限內被責令停業整頓、吊銷經營許可證，是否應列入失信名單？答案是肯定的。列入不良名單的企業三年內無論是否被移出不良名單，只要被責令停業整頓、吊銷經營許可證，就應被列入失信名單。

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• 《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》原則上將不良名單作為失信名單的過渡，但為了遏制違法，規定了可以直接列入失信名單的三種情形：一是以欺騙、賄賂等不正當手段取得電信業務經營許可的，直接列入失信名單（第四十五條）；二是擅自經營電信業務或者超范圍經營電信業務，情節嚴重、給予責令停業整頓處罰的，直接列入失信名單（第四十六條）；三是當事人被電信管理機構行政處罰逾期不申請行政復議也不提起行政訴訟，又不履行行政處罰決定的，列入電信業務經營失信名單（第四十九條）。

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• 依據《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》第四十二條第三款，列入電信業務經營失信名單后，三年內未再次受到電信管理機構行政處罰的，由電信管理機構移出失信名單。

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• 失信名單的列入和移出，具有“難進難出”特點。“難進”，指只有違法行為嚴重的少數企業才可以進入失信名單，說明《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》未泛化使用信用管理，妥善處理了信用管理與行政處罰等常規管理方式在行業管理體系中的功能定位，體現了辦法重“引導”而非“責罰”。“難出”，對應于“難進”，既然已經設立較高的列入標準，只有嚴重違法的企業才被列入失信名單，為了懲治和遏制違法，需要設置較高的移出標準，以體現信用管理的威懾性。中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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• 三、制度特色

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• （一）開放性

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• 《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》主要規范了電信業務經營許可證的申請、審批、使用和注銷、吊銷等內容，所設立的不良名單和失信名單，并非僅適用于許可證的申請、審批等活動，而是一種適用于整個電信和互聯網行業管理的開放性機制。

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• 根據第四十二條“電信業務經營者受到電信管理機構行政處罰的，由電信管理機構自作出行政處罰決定之日起30日內列入電信業務經營不良名單”“三年內再次受到電信管理機構責令停業整頓、吊銷經營許可證的處罰，或者具有工業和信息化部規定的其他情形的，由電信管理機構列入電信業務經營失信名單”等規定，列入不良名單和失信名單的主要標準是被電信管理機構行政處罰。

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• 通俗地講，電信企業或者互聯網企業，只要是被電信管理機構行政處罰，而無論處罰的依據是《反恐怖主義法》《網絡安全法》《建設工程質量管理條例》，還是《電信條例》《互聯網信息服務管理辦法》《規范互聯網信息服務市場秩序若干規定》，都要納入不良名單或者失信名單管理。

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• （二）動態性

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• 動態化運作，是《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》所設計的信用管理制度的特色。所有取得電信業務經營許可證的電信和互聯網企業，都是“兩單”的適用對象；由于列入不良名單的門檻低，企業會保有較高的注意心態，避免輕易違法進入不良名單；進入不良名單或者失信名單后，仍有移出機會和途徑，會督促企業尋求漂白身份。

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• 不良名單和失信名單的運作，對于企業而言是有進能出，伴有自新機會，而非進得來出不去，這會強化企業建立正確的經營理念。總之，通過不良名單和失信名單之間動態的列入和移出，以及高低不同的列入和移出門檻，可以引導和督促企業守法經營，積極尋求改正。

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• （三）科學性

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• 《電信業務經營許可管理辦法》對信用管理的運用和制度設計，保持了克制，未像其他行業那樣將履約表現、法院判決等作為信用管理的考量因素，以保障企業的主體性和參與市場活動的能動性。辦法將處罰作為“兩單”運作的主要判斷標準，而不是違法行為，由于處罰的成立需要處罰決定書的外在表現形式，具有認定簡便的特點。

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• 相較于原來核發電信業務經營許可證的“公司及其主要出資者和主要經營管理人員三年內無違反電信監督管理制度的違法記錄”的條件，辦法“公司及其主要投資者和主要經營管理人員未被列入電信業務經營失中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜信名單”的規定，考慮了違法行為情節的輕重因素，同時極大縮減了“違法”在電信業務經營許可證審批條件中所占的比重，大量減少了對企業從事電信經營活動資格和能力的限制，對于保障創業創新具有重要意義。

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• 辦法未對違法行為在常規的行政處罰之外設定其他責罰方式或者手段，僅是以行政處罰情況為基礎，通過“兩單”的動態運作，就可以發揮出比單純行政處罰更好的督促企業守法經營的效果。同時，由于“處罰”的作出需要電信管理機構開展執法，“兩單”建立在“處罰”基礎上的運作，可以督促電信管理機構加強監管。這些充分體現了制度設計的科學性。

• The management b of becommunication business license (Ministry of industry and inbation technology order No. forty-second) has set up a bad list of becom businesses and a list of dishonest letters, and has implemented credit management, which has changed the concept, ideas and means of industry management for many years. The way of interpretation and specific system design of credit management concept is characterized by proper cognition, b standard and simple operation. The system function of credit management is very distinctive and unique. The bad list and discredited list, which are applicable to becommunications and Internet companies, will have a profound impact on the industry.

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• 1. Operation principle

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• The principle of the operation of credit management can be summed up as "responsible for yesterday's behavior and responsible for today's behavior". For example, the becommunications business operators who operate over the scope of the serious circumstances of the becommunications business will be given the punishment to be ordered to shut down. To suspend business for rectification is a negative buation of the law on the illegal operation of becom operators over the scope of the operation of becommunications business, and it is the adverse consequences for becom operators to commit their illegal activities.

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• According to the forty-sixth article "the management b of the becom business operation license", the foregoing enterprise should be included in the list of the becommunication business operation discredit. According to the provisions of the fifth and sixth articles, the enterprise is listed in the list of discredit, and will not be able to apply for or continue the operation license of the becommunication business. Therefore, if the enterprises have been included in the list of promises, now can not apply for the becommunications business license, which is today responsible for yesterday's behavior; if the future is now included in the list of promises, within the statutory period can not apply for the becommunications business license, which is responsible for the behavior of "tomorrow today".

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• "Today is responsible for yesterday's behavior, and tomorrow is responsible for today's behavior," in essence, to lengthen the time span of a negative assessment of the behavior. The foregoing enterprise has been shut down and has been punished for its illegal bs, that is, to be responsible for its own behavior. The operating basis of the modern market economy is the autonomy of the meaning and responsibility for its own behavior. Autonomy refers to the main market of their own interests and behavior to make decisions or punishment; they are responsible for their own behavior, is the extension of the autonomy of the interests, refers to the market main body to decide the disb and bear the legal consequences, including interests and interests.

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• From an administrative point of view, an administrative punishment is given on the basis of considering the seriousness of the plot and the consequences of an illegal act, which is to let the perpetrator be responsible for his bs. However, credit management is to allow the perpetrator to be responsi中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜ble for their behavior and to be responsible for their behavior. From the perspective of time axis, administrative punishment or civil liability is a qualitative buation of illegal behavior at a time point, while credit management is a qualitative buation of illegal behavior in a time period.

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• Credit management is a negative buation time span for violations by elongated, restrictions on the behavior of people engaged in related activities within a period of time the ability and qualifications, increased responsibility, can urge the people aware of the consequences of illegal behavior is not a pain, but long pain, cautious behavior, positive law.

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• Two. Operation mechanism

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• (1) overall consideration

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• The market economy is the rule of law economy, the rule of law respects and guarantees the subjectivity of the actor, and guarantees the party's autonomy from the system. At the same time, civil liability, administrative liability and criminal liability set, factors to consider the seriousness, subjective fault, causal relationship, social influence, let people responsible for their bs, which belongs to the limited liability and unlimited liability, the purpose is to protect the perpetrator's autonomy.

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• Besides routine legal liability, credit management limits the activity capacity, scope and qualification of the actor, which is different from the establishment of the basic value of the rule of law. Because the credit management in addition to the legal responsibility of normal, restrict the behavior of people engaged in activities related to the ability and qualifications, although can supervise the behavior of law-abiding, but if not control is used, will not be conducive to the market and actively participate in market activities, hinder the vitality of the market burst.

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• The management b of becommunication business license is based on administrative penalties and administrative penalties as a standard. The two bs of credit management and administrative penalties are effectively bed. "Management measures" becommunications business license restrictions included in the list of promises of the situation, is limited to serious violations and rectification, revoke the license and a heavier punishment, is actually the administrative punishment as a routine means of management, the credit management system for unconventional means of management. As a whole, the becommunication business license management measures respect the market rule, use the credit management means prudently, suspend and use cautiously, and give full play to the deterrent effect of the credit management mechanism, so as to achieve leniency and strictness.

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• (two) specific mechanisms

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• "Management measures" becommunications business license thirty-seventh on the list of bad and the list of promises made provisions in principle, requirements of becommunication management mechanism according to the random sampling, the daily supervision and inspection of the administr中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜ative records established "two single", and is regularly updated and shown to the public. The bad list itself does not have the limitation to be included in the activity of the main body or the validity of the qualification, which reflects the characteristic of "reputation punishment", that is, paste the "bad" label on the list of subjects and publicized it to the public. The list of lost letters has the ability to limit the ability to be included in the main body of activities.